3. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4) 虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状 ，但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应 的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。23. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic? (3) 这究竟是一种缺陷呢，还是这些作者想要按照一种与众不同的美学体系进行创作 ，抑或是在 试图创立一种与众不同的美学体系?

4. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? (5) 不仅如此，有些黑人小说(比如 JT 的甘蔗)的风格接近与表现主义和超现实主义;这种技 巧是否为流行的主题提供了一个和谐的对应呢?这种主题刻画了黑人注意与之相抗争的命 运，这是一个通常用更为自然主义的表现手法所表达的主题。

5. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (4)注意:bring A to B ——〉bring to B A《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说 ，在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却 鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊( James Weldon Johnson)的《一个曾经是 有色人的自传》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。

6. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths，where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface，radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)虽然这些分子允许可见波长 (visible wavelength)的辐射——阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于 此——不受阻挡地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长 (longer-wavelength)，亦即从地球 表面辐射出的红外发射(infrared emission)，这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输 送回太空。

7. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture. (4) 这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用 ，不是规定人类行为的种种细节 ，而是将各种限制强 加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会 “自然表露”的情感、思维、以及行动方式 。

8. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5) 以下哪一个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的 “人类行为细节 ”相对“人类 所受限制”之间的差异，从人类形态的角度上提供了一个合适的类比?

9. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove， that the grazers had removed most of the algae. (3+)在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊 ，这暗示出——但没能证明——食草动 物已吞噬了大部分水藻。